Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 1998, 184 (3)

Total Food Duplicate Study on Nutrient Intake of Working Women in Manila, the Philippines

HARUO NAKATSUKA, ZUO-WEN ZHANG,1 MARILYN G. AGETAN0,2 RONALD D. SUBIDA,3 NAOKO INOUGUCHI, TAKAO WATANABE,4 SHINICHIRO SHIMB0,5 KAE HIGASHIKAWA6 and MASAYUKI IKEDA6

Miyagi University, Taiwa-cho 981-3298, 1Department of Public Health, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, 2Department of Nutrition and 3Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines, Manila, the Philippines, 4Miyagi University of Education, Sendai 980-0845, 5Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyoto Women's University, Kyoto 605-8501, and 6Kyoto Industrial Health Association, Kyoto 604-8472

  • Intakes of various nutrients by working women in Manila, the Philippines, was surveyed by the total food duplicate method, with foci to elucidate relative weight of three meals and snack in addition tc quantitative evaluation of nutrient intakes. In practice, 45 women (average age; 37.2 years) volunteered, who were all nonsmokers and nonhabitual drinkers, and mostly married. In parallel, hematology, serum biochemistry, anthropometry and clinical examinations were conducted. On average, the women took 1787 kcal energy, 57 g protein, and 54 g lipid daily. Comparison with the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for Filipinos showed that intakes of energy and major nutrients were adequate, whereas that of minerals (e.g., 15 mg Fe/day vs. 26 mg Fe/day as RDA) and vitamins (e.g., 0.65 mg vitamin B1/day vs. 1 mg/day as RDA) were generally insufiicient. Prevalence of anemia was however rather low with an average hemoglobin concentration of 12.9 g/100 ml blood. Rice was the staple source of energy for daily life, and beef rather than fish and shellfish was the leading source of protein. Lunch was the richest meal of a day (with the largest intake of energy, protein and lipid), and snacks rather than dinner appeared to be next substantial.
    Key words--- Anemia; Manila; nutrient intake; rice; women
    © 1998 Tohoku University Medical Press

    Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 1998, 184, 189-205
    Address for reprints: Professor M. Ikeda, Kyoto Industrial Health Association, 67 Nishinokyo-Kitatsuboicho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-8472, Japan.

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